#LyX 1.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\options smallheadings
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\layout Standard


\begin_inset ERT
status Collapsed

\layout Standard

\backslash 
setchapterpreamble[u]{
\backslash 
dictum[Jeff MacNelly in ``Shoe'']{
\end_inset 

``Uncle Cosmo, why do they call this a word processor?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 


\newline 
``It's simple, Skyler.
 You've seen what food processors do to food, right?
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 


\begin_inset ERT
status Collapsed

\layout Standard
}}
\end_inset 


\layout Chapter

The Philosophy of LyX
\layout Section

What is LyX?
\layout Standard

LyX is a document preparation system.
 It excels at letting you create complex technical and scientific articles
 with mathematics, cross-references, bibliographies, indices, etc.
 It is very good at documents of any length in which the usual processing
 abilities are required: automatic sectioning and pagination, spellchecking,
 and so forth.
 It can also be used to write a letter to your mom, though granted, there
 are probably simpler programs available for that.
 It is definitely not the best tool for creating banners, flyers, or advertiseme
nts (we'll explain why later), though with some effort all these can be
 done, too.
 Some examples of what it is used for: memos, letters, dissertations and
 theses, lecture notes, seminar notebooks, conference proceedings, software
 documentation, books (on PostgreSQL, remote sensing, cryptology, fictional
 novels, poetry, and even a children's book or two), articles in refereed
 scientific journals, scripts for plays and movies, business proposals \SpecialChar \ldots{}

 you get the idea.
\layout Standard

LyX is a program that provides a modern approach to writing documents with
 a computer by using a markup language paradigm, an approach that breaks
 with the obsolete tradition of the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

typewriter concept.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 It is designed for authors who want professional output quickly with a
 minimum of effort without becoming specialists in typesetting.
 The job of typesetting is done mostly by the computer, not the author;
 with LyX, the author can concentrate on the contents of her writing.
\layout Standard

Part of the initial challenge of using LyX comes from the change in thinking
 that you, the user, must make.
 At one time, all we had for creating documents were typewriters, so we
 all learned certain tricks to get around their limitations.
 Underlining, which is little more than overstriking with the 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

_
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 character, became a way to emphasize text.
 You were forced to figure out column sizes and tab stops, and set them,
 before creating a table.
 The same applied for letters and other right justified text.
 Hyphenation at the end of a line required a careful eye and a lot of foresight.
\layout Standard

In other words, we've all been trained to worry about the little details
 of which character goes where.
 Consequently, almost all word processors have this mentality.
 They still use tab stops for adding whitespace.
 You still need to worry about exactly where on the page something will
 appear.
 Emphasizing text means changing a font, similar to changing the typewriter
 wheel.
 This is the underlying philosophy of a 
\color blue
WYSIWYG
\color default
 word processor: 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

What You See Is What You Get
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

.
 Unfortunately, that paradigm often results in 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

What You See Is All You Get
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

.
\layout Standard

This is where LyX differs from an ordinary word processor.
 You don't concern yourself with what character goes where.
 You tell LyX 
\emph on 
what you're doing
\emph default 
 and LyX takes care of the rest, following a set of rules called a 
\emph on 
style.
\emph default 

\begin_inset Foot
collapsed true

\layout Standard

To be fair, most recent versions of the most popular office suites now have
 some sort of style sheets which follow a similar markup method.
 However, our experience is that they are still rarely used in practice.
\end_inset 

 Let's look at a little example:
\layout Standard

Suppose you are writing a report.
 To begin your report, you want a section called 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

Introduction\SpecialChar \@.

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 So, you go into whatever menu it is in your word processor that changes
 font sizes and decide on a new font size.
 Then you turn on bold face.
 Then you type, 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

1.\SpecialChar ~
Introduction
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

.
 Of course, if you later decide that this section belongs someplace else
 in the document, or if you insert a new section before it, you need to
 change the numbering for this and all following sections, as well as any
 entry in the table of contents.
 
\layout Standard

In LyX, you go to the pull-down on the far left of the button bar and select
 
\emph on 
Section
\emph default 
, and type 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

Introduction\SpecialChar \@.

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 


\layout Standard

Yes, that's all.
 If you cut and paste the section, it will automatically be renumbered---everywh
ere.
 And if you enter references to that section correctly (by inserting cross-refer
ence tags), LyX will automatically update them all throughout the file so
 that you never, ever type a section number.
\layout Standard

Now let's look at the problem of consistency.
 Five days later, you reopen your report and start Section\SpecialChar ~
4.
 However, you forget that you were using 18
\begin_inset ERT
status Collapsed

\layout Standard

\backslash 
,
\end_inset 

pt bold instead of 16
\begin_inset ERT
status Collapsed

\layout Standard

\backslash 
,
\end_inset 

pt, so you type in the heading for Section\SpecialChar ~
4 in a different font that what
 you used for Section\SpecialChar ~
1.
 That problem doesn't even exist in LyX.
 The computer takes care of all that silly bookkeeping about which thing
 has what size font, not you.
 After all, that's what a computer is good at.
\layout Standard

Here's another example.
 Suppose you're making a list.
 In other word processors, a list is just a bunch of tab stops and newlines.
 You need to figure out where to put the label for each list item, what
 that label should be, how many blank lines to put between each item, and
 so on.
 Under LyX, you have only two concerns: what kind of list is this, and what
 do I want to put in it.
 That's it.
\layout Standard

So, the basic idea behind LyX is: specify 
\emph on 
what
\emph default 
 you're doing, not 
\emph on 
how
\emph default 
 to do it.
 Instead of 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

What You See Is What You Get,
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 the LyX model is 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 

What You See Is What You 
\emph on 
Mean
\emph default 

\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 or 
\begin_inset Quotes eld
\end_inset 


\color blue
WYSIWYM
\color default
.
\begin_inset Quotes erd
\end_inset 

 It's a powerful idea that greatly simplifies the mechanics of writing documents.
 This is also why LyX isn't so good for creating posters and flyers---in
 this case, you 
\emph on 
do
\emph default 
 want to specify exactly where everything goes, because there are no functional
 units like paragraphs, sections, etc.
 This doesn't mean LyX is missing some cool function.
 It simply means that it isn't the right tool for the job---you don't use
 a screwdriver to drive in nails (unless your screwdriver comes with a lifetime
 warranty).
\layout Section

Differences between LyX and Other Word Processors
\begin_inset OptArg
collapsed true

\layout Standard

LyX and Other Word Processors
\end_inset 


\begin_inset Foot
collapsed true

\layout Standard

No, we're not trying to start (or win) a word processor holy war here.
 But we do think it's important to describe LyX's features.
 And one of LyX's main features, 
\color blue
WYSIWYM
\color default
, is a fundamentally different concept than the one that most of people
 have about word processing.
\end_inset 


\layout Standard

Here's a list of things you won't find in LyX:
\layout Itemize

The document ruler
\layout Itemize

Tab stops
\layout Itemize

Extra whitespace (i.
\begin_inset ERT
status Collapsed

\layout Standard

\backslash 
,
\end_inset 

e.
\begin_inset ERT
status Collapsed

\layout Standard

\backslash 
 
\end_inset 

hitting 
\emph on 
Enter
\emph default 
 or 
\emph on 
Space
\emph default 
 two or more times)
\layout Standard

Tab stops, along with a ruler showing you the position of things on the
 page, are useless in LyX.
 The program worries about where things go on the page, not you.
 Extra white\SpecialChar \-
space is similar; LyX adds them where necessary, depending on
 context.
 Not being able to type two blank lines in a row will be annoying at first,
 but it makes more sense once you're thinking in 
\color blue
WYSIWYM
\color default
 terms.
\layout Standard

Here are some things that exist in LyX, but aren't used as you might think:
\layout Itemize

Indenting controls
\layout Itemize

Page breaks
\layout Itemize

Line spacing (i.
\begin_inset ERT
status Collapsed

\layout Standard

\backslash 
,
\end_inset 

e.
\begin_inset ERT
status Collapsed

\layout Standard

\backslash 
 
\end_inset 

single spaced, double spaced, etc.)
\layout Itemize

Whitespace, horizontal and vertical
\layout Itemize

Fonts and font sizes
\layout Itemize

Typefaces (bold, italic, underline, etc.)
\layout Standard

Although they exist in LyX, you generally don't need them.
 LyX will take care of these things for you, depending on what you're doing.
 Different parts of the document are automatically set in a different typeface
 and font size.
 Paragraph indenting is context dependent; different types of paragraphs
 get indented differently.
 Page breaks get handled automatically, as well.
 In general, the space between lines, between words, and between paragraphs
 is variable, set by LyX.
\begin_inset Foot
collapsed true

\layout Standard

There are ways to adjust all of these (only some of which require knowledge
 of LaTeX), either for a whole document or for a specific location in a
 document.
 See the 
\emph on 
User's Guide
\emph default 
 and/or the 
\emph on 
Extended Features
\emph default 
 manual for details.
\end_inset 

 
\layout Standard

Lastly, there are a few areas where we believe LyX (and LaTeX) surpasses
 many word processors:
\layout Itemize

Hyphenation
\layout Itemize

Lists of any type
\layout Itemize

Mathematics
\layout Itemize

Tables
\layout Itemize

Cross-referencing
\layout Standard

Granted, many modern word processors can handle mathematical symbols, tables,
 and hyphenation, and many have moved towards style definitions and the
 
\color blue
WYSIWYM
\color default
 concept.
 However, they've only recently been able to do so, whereas LyX is built
 upon the LaTeX document preparation system.
 LaTeX has been around for over 15 years, and 
\emph on 
works
\emph default 
.
\the_end