diff --git a/example.lyx b/example.lyx new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/example.lyx @@ -0,0 +1,604 @@ +#LyX 1.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ +\lyxformat 221 +\textclass scrbook +\begin_preamble +\setkomafont{sectioning}{\bfseries} +\usepackage[komastyle]{scrpage2} +% Kolumnentitel und Paginierung: +\setkomafont{pagehead}{\normalfont\rmfamily\itshape} +\setkomafont{pagenumber}{\normalfont\rmfamily} +\setkomafont{dictumtext}{\normalfont\small} +\setkomafont{dictumauthor}{\itshape} +\renewcommand{\dictumwidth}{0.5\textwidth} + +\usepackage{soul} +% Skalierung der Versalien +\usepackage{scalefnt} + +% Versalien (etwas kleiner setzen und ein wenig sperren): +\makeatletter +% aus example.cfg (soul.sty, "narrowcaps") +\capsdef{/ptm///}{\upshape}% +{.05em\@plus.01em\@minus.02em}% +{.3em\@plus.08em\@minus.06em}% +{.3em\@plus.111em\@minus.04em} +\DeclareRobustCommand*\versal[1]{% +\MakeUppercase{\scalefont{.92}\caps{#1}}% +} +\DeclareRobustCommand*\versalomat[1]{% +\MakeUppercase{\scalefont{.92}#1}% +} +\makeatother + +% Pseudo-Characterstyles über Textfarbe +\makeatletter + +\usepackage{ifthen} +\renewcommand{\textcolor}[2]{% +\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{blue}}{{\versal{#2}}}{}% Versalien +\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{cyan}}{{\versalomat{#2}}}{}% Weitere +%\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{magenta}\or\equal{#1}{blue}}{}{#2}% fallthrough +} + +% Abstand Text--Fußnoten vergrößern +\makeatletter +\renewcommand\footnoterule{% +% Abstand zwischen Text und Fußnotenstrich (1 Zeile) + %\vspace{1em}% + \kern-3\p@\hrule\@width1.5cm% + \kern2.6\p@% +% Abstand zwischen Fußnotenstrich und Fußnoten (0.2em) + \vspace{0.2em}}% +\makeatother + +% Fußnoten trotz \raggedbottom am Seitenfuß +\usepackage[bottom,hang]{footmisc} + +% Fußnotenzeichen nicht hochstellen +\makeatletter +\newlength{\footnumwidth} +% Anzahl der Ziffern an die größte Fußnotennummer anpassen (footnotesize) +\settowidth{\footnumwidth}{{\normalfont\footnotesize9\space\space}} +\deffootnote[\footnumwidth]{\footnumwidth}{1em}{\thefootnotemark\space\space} +\makeatother + +% ldots zentriert +\let\olddots\ldots +\renewcommand*{\ldots}{\olddots\unkern} + +% Vermeiden von Schusterjungen +% Keine überhängenden Zeilen +\tolerance 1414 +\hbadness 1414 +\emergencystretch 1.5em +\hfuzz 0.3pt +\widowpenalty = 10000 +\vfuzz \hfuzz +\raggedbottom + +\usepackage{microtype} +\end_preamble +\options smallheadings +\language english +\inputencoding default +\fontscheme palatino +\graphics default +\paperfontsize default +\spacing single +\papersize Default +\paperpackage a4 +\use_geometry 0 +\use_amsmath 0 +\use_natbib 0 +\use_numerical_citations 0 +\paperorientation portrait +\secnumdepth 2 +\tocdepth 2 +\paragraph_separation indent +\defskip medskip +\quotes_language english +\quotes_times 2 +\papercolumns 1 +\papersides 2 +\paperpagestyle default +\bullet 0 + 0 + 0 + -1 +\end_bullet + +\layout Standard + + +\begin_inset ERT +status Collapsed + +\layout Standard + +\backslash +setchapterpreamble[u]{ +\backslash +dictum[Jeff MacNelly in ``Shoe'']{ +\end_inset + +``Uncle Cosmo, why do they call this a word processor? +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + +\newline +``It's simple, Skyler. + You've seen what food processors do to food, right? +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset ERT +status Collapsed + +\layout Standard +}} +\end_inset + + +\layout Chapter + +The Philosophy of LyX +\layout Section + +What is LyX? +\layout Standard + +LyX is a document preparation system. + It excels at letting you create complex technical and scientific articles + with mathematics, cross-references, bibliographies, indices, etc. + It is very good at documents of any length in which the usual processing + abilities are required: automatic sectioning and pagination, spellchecking, + and so forth. + It can also be used to write a letter to your mom, though granted, there + are probably simpler programs available for that. + It is definitely not the best tool for creating banners, flyers, or advertiseme +nts (we'll explain why later), though with some effort all these can be + done, too. + Some examples of what it is used for: memos, letters, dissertations and + theses, lecture notes, seminar notebooks, conference proceedings, software + documentation, books (on PostgreSQL, remote sensing, cryptology, fictional + novels, poetry, and even a children's book or two), articles in refereed + scientific journals, scripts for plays and movies, business proposals \SpecialChar \ldots{} + + you get the idea. +\layout Standard + +LyX is a program that provides a modern approach to writing documents with + a computer by using a markup language paradigm, an approach that breaks + with the obsolete tradition of the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +typewriter concept. +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + It is designed for authors who want professional output quickly with a + minimum of effort without becoming specialists in typesetting. + The job of typesetting is done mostly by the computer, not the author; + with LyX, the author can concentrate on the contents of her writing. +\layout Standard + +Part of the initial challenge of using LyX comes from the change in thinking + that you, the user, must make. + At one time, all we had for creating documents were typewriters, so we + all learned certain tricks to get around their limitations. + Underlining, which is little more than overstriking with the +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +_ +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + character, became a way to emphasize text. + You were forced to figure out column sizes and tab stops, and set them, + before creating a table. + The same applied for letters and other right justified text. + Hyphenation at the end of a line required a careful eye and a lot of foresight. +\layout Standard + +In other words, we've all been trained to worry about the little details + of which character goes where. + Consequently, almost all word processors have this mentality. + They still use tab stops for adding whitespace. + You still need to worry about exactly where on the page something will + appear. + Emphasizing text means changing a font, similar to changing the typewriter + wheel. + This is the underlying philosophy of a +\color blue +WYSIWYG +\color default + word processor: +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +What You See Is What You Get +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + Unfortunately, that paradigm often results in +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +What You See Is All You Get +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. +\layout Standard + +This is where LyX differs from an ordinary word processor. + You don't concern yourself with what character goes where. + You tell LyX +\emph on +what you're doing +\emph default + and LyX takes care of the rest, following a set of rules called a +\emph on +style. +\emph default + +\begin_inset Foot +collapsed true + +\layout Standard + +To be fair, most recent versions of the most popular office suites now have + some sort of style sheets which follow a similar markup method. + However, our experience is that they are still rarely used in practice. +\end_inset + + Let's look at a little example: +\layout Standard + +Suppose you are writing a report. + To begin your report, you want a section called +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Introduction\SpecialChar \@. + +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + So, you go into whatever menu it is in your word processor that changes + font sizes and decide on a new font size. + Then you turn on bold face. + Then you type, +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +1.\SpecialChar ~ +Introduction +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + +. + Of course, if you later decide that this section belongs someplace else + in the document, or if you insert a new section before it, you need to + change the numbering for this and all following sections, as well as any + entry in the table of contents. + +\layout Standard + +In LyX, you go to the pull-down on the far left of the button bar and select + +\emph on +Section +\emph default +, and type +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +Introduction\SpecialChar \@. + +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + +\layout Standard + +Yes, that's all. + If you cut and paste the section, it will automatically be renumbered---everywh +ere. + And if you enter references to that section correctly (by inserting cross-refer +ence tags), LyX will automatically update them all throughout the file so + that you never, ever type a section number. +\layout Standard + +Now let's look at the problem of consistency. + Five days later, you reopen your report and start Section\SpecialChar ~ +4. + However, you forget that you were using 18 +\begin_inset ERT +status Collapsed + +\layout Standard + +\backslash +, +\end_inset + +pt bold instead of 16 +\begin_inset ERT +status Collapsed + +\layout Standard + +\backslash +, +\end_inset + +pt, so you type in the heading for Section\SpecialChar ~ +4 in a different font that what + you used for Section\SpecialChar ~ +1. + That problem doesn't even exist in LyX. + The computer takes care of all that silly bookkeeping about which thing + has what size font, not you. + After all, that's what a computer is good at. +\layout Standard + +Here's another example. + Suppose you're making a list. + In other word processors, a list is just a bunch of tab stops and newlines. + You need to figure out where to put the label for each list item, what + that label should be, how many blank lines to put between each item, and + so on. + Under LyX, you have only two concerns: what kind of list is this, and what + do I want to put in it. + That's it. +\layout Standard + +So, the basic idea behind LyX is: specify +\emph on +what +\emph default + you're doing, not +\emph on +how +\emph default + to do it. + Instead of +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +What You See Is What You Get, +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + the LyX model is +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + +What You See Is What You +\emph on +Mean +\emph default + +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + or +\begin_inset Quotes eld +\end_inset + + +\color blue +WYSIWYM +\color default +. +\begin_inset Quotes erd +\end_inset + + It's a powerful idea that greatly simplifies the mechanics of writing documents. + This is also why LyX isn't so good for creating posters and flyers---in + this case, you +\emph on +do +\emph default + want to specify exactly where everything goes, because there are no functional + units like paragraphs, sections, etc. + This doesn't mean LyX is missing some cool function. + It simply means that it isn't the right tool for the job---you don't use + a screwdriver to drive in nails (unless your screwdriver comes with a lifetime + warranty). +\layout Section + +Differences between LyX and Other Word Processors +\begin_inset OptArg +collapsed true + +\layout Standard + +LyX and Other Word Processors +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Foot +collapsed true + +\layout Standard + +No, we're not trying to start (or win) a word processor holy war here. + But we do think it's important to describe LyX's features. + And one of LyX's main features, +\color blue +WYSIWYM +\color default +, is a fundamentally different concept than the one that most of people + have about word processing. +\end_inset + + +\layout Standard + +Here's a list of things you won't find in LyX: +\layout Itemize + +The document ruler +\layout Itemize + +Tab stops +\layout Itemize + +Extra whitespace (i. +\begin_inset ERT +status Collapsed + +\layout Standard + +\backslash +, +\end_inset + +e. +\begin_inset ERT +status Collapsed + +\layout Standard + +\backslash + +\end_inset + +hitting +\emph on +Enter +\emph default + or +\emph on +Space +\emph default + two or more times) +\layout Standard + +Tab stops, along with a ruler showing you the position of things on the + page, are useless in LyX. + The program worries about where things go on the page, not you. + Extra white\SpecialChar \- +space is similar; LyX adds them where necessary, depending on + context. + Not being able to type two blank lines in a row will be annoying at first, + but it makes more sense once you're thinking in +\color blue +WYSIWYM +\color default + terms. +\layout Standard + +Here are some things that exist in LyX, but aren't used as you might think: +\layout Itemize + +Indenting controls +\layout Itemize + +Page breaks +\layout Itemize + +Line spacing (i. +\begin_inset ERT +status Collapsed + +\layout Standard + +\backslash +, +\end_inset + +e. +\begin_inset ERT +status Collapsed + +\layout Standard + +\backslash + +\end_inset + +single spaced, double spaced, etc.) +\layout Itemize + +Whitespace, horizontal and vertical +\layout Itemize + +Fonts and font sizes +\layout Itemize + +Typefaces (bold, italic, underline, etc.) +\layout Standard + +Although they exist in LyX, you generally don't need them. + LyX will take care of these things for you, depending on what you're doing. + Different parts of the document are automatically set in a different typeface + and font size. + Paragraph indenting is context dependent; different types of paragraphs + get indented differently. + Page breaks get handled automatically, as well. + In general, the space between lines, between words, and between paragraphs + is variable, set by LyX. +\begin_inset Foot +collapsed true + +\layout Standard + +There are ways to adjust all of these (only some of which require knowledge + of LaTeX), either for a whole document or for a specific location in a + document. + See the +\emph on +User's Guide +\emph default + and/or the +\emph on +Extended Features +\emph default + manual for details. +\end_inset + + +\layout Standard + +Lastly, there are a few areas where we believe LyX (and LaTeX) surpasses + many word processors: +\layout Itemize + +Hyphenation +\layout Itemize + +Lists of any type +\layout Itemize + +Mathematics +\layout Itemize + +Tables +\layout Itemize + +Cross-referencing +\layout Standard + +Granted, many modern word processors can handle mathematical symbols, tables, + and hyphenation, and many have moved towards style definitions and the + +\color blue +WYSIWYM +\color default + concept. + However, they've only recently been able to do so, whereas LyX is built + upon the LaTeX document preparation system. + LaTeX has been around for over 15 years, and +\emph on +works +\emph default +. +\the_end