diff --git a/example.lyx b/example.lyx deleted file mode 100755 --- a/example.lyx +++ /dev/null @@ -1,604 +0,0 @@ -#LyX 1.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ -\lyxformat 221 -\textclass scrbook -\begin_preamble -\setkomafont{sectioning}{\bfseries} -\usepackage[komastyle]{scrpage2} -% Kolumnentitel und Paginierung: -\setkomafont{pagehead}{\normalfont\rmfamily\itshape} -\setkomafont{pagenumber}{\normalfont\rmfamily} -\setkomafont{dictumtext}{\normalfont\small} -\setkomafont{dictumauthor}{\itshape} -\renewcommand{\dictumwidth}{0.5\textwidth} - -\usepackage{soul} -% Skalierung der Versalien -\usepackage{scalefnt} - -% Versalien (etwas kleiner setzen und ein wenig sperren): -\makeatletter -% aus example.cfg (soul.sty, "narrowcaps") -\capsdef{/ptm///}{\upshape}% -{.05em\@plus.01em\@minus.02em}% -{.3em\@plus.08em\@minus.06em}% -{.3em\@plus.111em\@minus.04em} -\DeclareRobustCommand*\versal[1]{% -\MakeUppercase{\scalefont{.92}\caps{#1}}% -} -\DeclareRobustCommand*\versalomat[1]{% -\MakeUppercase{\scalefont{.92}#1}% -} -\makeatother - -% Pseudo-Characterstyles über Textfarbe -\makeatletter - -\usepackage{ifthen} -\renewcommand{\textcolor}[2]{% -\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{blue}}{{\versal{#2}}}{}% Versalien -\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{cyan}}{{\versalomat{#2}}}{}% Weitere -%\ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{magenta}\or\equal{#1}{blue}}{}{#2}% fallthrough -} - -% Abstand Text--Fußnoten vergrößern -\makeatletter -\renewcommand\footnoterule{% -% Abstand zwischen Text und Fußnotenstrich (1 Zeile) - %\vspace{1em}% - \kern-3\p@\hrule\@width1.5cm% - \kern2.6\p@% -% Abstand zwischen Fußnotenstrich und Fußnoten (0.2em) - \vspace{0.2em}}% -\makeatother - -% Fußnoten trotz \raggedbottom am Seitenfuß -\usepackage[bottom,hang]{footmisc} - -% Fußnotenzeichen nicht hochstellen -\makeatletter -\newlength{\footnumwidth} -% Anzahl der Ziffern an die größte Fußnotennummer anpassen (footnotesize) -\settowidth{\footnumwidth}{{\normalfont\footnotesize9\space\space}} -\deffootnote[\footnumwidth]{\footnumwidth}{1em}{\thefootnotemark\space\space} -\makeatother - -% ldots zentriert -\let\olddots\ldots -\renewcommand*{\ldots}{\olddots\unkern} - -% Vermeiden von Schusterjungen -% Keine überhängenden Zeilen -\tolerance 1414 -\hbadness 1414 -\emergencystretch 1.5em -\hfuzz 0.3pt -\widowpenalty = 10000 -\vfuzz \hfuzz -\raggedbottom - -\usepackage{microtype} -\end_preamble -\options smallheadings -\language english -\inputencoding default -\fontscheme palatino -\graphics default -\paperfontsize default -\spacing single -\papersize Default -\paperpackage a4 -\use_geometry 0 -\use_amsmath 0 -\use_natbib 0 -\use_numerical_citations 0 -\paperorientation portrait -\secnumdepth 2 -\tocdepth 2 -\paragraph_separation indent -\defskip medskip -\quotes_language english -\quotes_times 2 -\papercolumns 1 -\papersides 2 -\paperpagestyle default -\bullet 0 - 0 - 0 - -1 -\end_bullet - -\layout Standard - - -\begin_inset ERT -status Collapsed - -\layout Standard - -\backslash -setchapterpreamble[u]{ -\backslash -dictum[Jeff MacNelly in ``Shoe'']{ -\end_inset - -``Uncle Cosmo, why do they call this a word processor? -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - - -\newline -``It's simple, Skyler. - You've seen what food processors do to food, right? -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset ERT -status Collapsed - -\layout Standard -}} -\end_inset - - -\layout Chapter - -The Philosophy of LyX -\layout Section - -What is LyX? -\layout Standard - -LyX is a document preparation system. - It excels at letting you create complex technical and scientific articles - with mathematics, cross-references, bibliographies, indices, etc. - It is very good at documents of any length in which the usual processing - abilities are required: automatic sectioning and pagination, spellchecking, - and so forth. - It can also be used to write a letter to your mom, though granted, there - are probably simpler programs available for that. - It is definitely not the best tool for creating banners, flyers, or advertiseme -nts (we'll explain why later), though with some effort all these can be - done, too. - Some examples of what it is used for: memos, letters, dissertations and - theses, lecture notes, seminar notebooks, conference proceedings, software - documentation, books (on PostgreSQL, remote sensing, cryptology, fictional - novels, poetry, and even a children's book or two), articles in refereed - scientific journals, scripts for plays and movies, business proposals \SpecialChar \ldots{} - - you get the idea. -\layout Standard - -LyX is a program that provides a modern approach to writing documents with - a computer by using a markup language paradigm, an approach that breaks - with the obsolete tradition of the -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -typewriter concept. -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - - It is designed for authors who want professional output quickly with a - minimum of effort without becoming specialists in typesetting. - The job of typesetting is done mostly by the computer, not the author; - with LyX, the author can concentrate on the contents of her writing. -\layout Standard - -Part of the initial challenge of using LyX comes from the change in thinking - that you, the user, must make. - At one time, all we had for creating documents were typewriters, so we - all learned certain tricks to get around their limitations. - Underlining, which is little more than overstriking with the -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -_ -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - - character, became a way to emphasize text. - You were forced to figure out column sizes and tab stops, and set them, - before creating a table. - The same applied for letters and other right justified text. - Hyphenation at the end of a line required a careful eye and a lot of foresight. -\layout Standard - -In other words, we've all been trained to worry about the little details - of which character goes where. - Consequently, almost all word processors have this mentality. - They still use tab stops for adding whitespace. - You still need to worry about exactly where on the page something will - appear. - Emphasizing text means changing a font, similar to changing the typewriter - wheel. - This is the underlying philosophy of a -\color blue -WYSIWYG -\color default - word processor: -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -What You See Is What You Get -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - -. - Unfortunately, that paradigm often results in -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -What You See Is All You Get -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - -. -\layout Standard - -This is where LyX differs from an ordinary word processor. - You don't concern yourself with what character goes where. - You tell LyX -\emph on -what you're doing -\emph default - and LyX takes care of the rest, following a set of rules called a -\emph on -style. -\emph default - -\begin_inset Foot -collapsed true - -\layout Standard - -To be fair, most recent versions of the most popular office suites now have - some sort of style sheets which follow a similar markup method. - However, our experience is that they are still rarely used in practice. -\end_inset - - Let's look at a little example: -\layout Standard - -Suppose you are writing a report. - To begin your report, you want a section called -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -Introduction\SpecialChar \@. - -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - - So, you go into whatever menu it is in your word processor that changes - font sizes and decide on a new font size. - Then you turn on bold face. - Then you type, -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -1.\SpecialChar ~ -Introduction -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - -. - Of course, if you later decide that this section belongs someplace else - in the document, or if you insert a new section before it, you need to - change the numbering for this and all following sections, as well as any - entry in the table of contents. - -\layout Standard - -In LyX, you go to the pull-down on the far left of the button bar and select - -\emph on -Section -\emph default -, and type -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -Introduction\SpecialChar \@. - -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - - -\layout Standard - -Yes, that's all. - If you cut and paste the section, it will automatically be renumbered---everywh -ere. - And if you enter references to that section correctly (by inserting cross-refer -ence tags), LyX will automatically update them all throughout the file so - that you never, ever type a section number. -\layout Standard - -Now let's look at the problem of consistency. - Five days later, you reopen your report and start Section\SpecialChar ~ -4. - However, you forget that you were using 18 -\begin_inset ERT -status Collapsed - -\layout Standard - -\backslash -, -\end_inset - -pt bold instead of 16 -\begin_inset ERT -status Collapsed - -\layout Standard - -\backslash -, -\end_inset - -pt, so you type in the heading for Section\SpecialChar ~ -4 in a different font that what - you used for Section\SpecialChar ~ -1. - That problem doesn't even exist in LyX. - The computer takes care of all that silly bookkeeping about which thing - has what size font, not you. - After all, that's what a computer is good at. -\layout Standard - -Here's another example. - Suppose you're making a list. - In other word processors, a list is just a bunch of tab stops and newlines. - You need to figure out where to put the label for each list item, what - that label should be, how many blank lines to put between each item, and - so on. - Under LyX, you have only two concerns: what kind of list is this, and what - do I want to put in it. - That's it. -\layout Standard - -So, the basic idea behind LyX is: specify -\emph on -what -\emph default - you're doing, not -\emph on -how -\emph default - to do it. - Instead of -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -What You See Is What You Get, -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - - the LyX model is -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - -What You See Is What You -\emph on -Mean -\emph default - -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - - or -\begin_inset Quotes eld -\end_inset - - -\color blue -WYSIWYM -\color default -. -\begin_inset Quotes erd -\end_inset - - It's a powerful idea that greatly simplifies the mechanics of writing documents. - This is also why LyX isn't so good for creating posters and flyers---in - this case, you -\emph on -do -\emph default - want to specify exactly where everything goes, because there are no functional - units like paragraphs, sections, etc. - This doesn't mean LyX is missing some cool function. - It simply means that it isn't the right tool for the job---you don't use - a screwdriver to drive in nails (unless your screwdriver comes with a lifetime - warranty). -\layout Section - -Differences between LyX and Other Word Processors -\begin_inset OptArg -collapsed true - -\layout Standard - -LyX and Other Word Processors -\end_inset - - -\begin_inset Foot -collapsed true - -\layout Standard - -No, we're not trying to start (or win) a word processor holy war here. - But we do think it's important to describe LyX's features. - And one of LyX's main features, -\color blue -WYSIWYM -\color default -, is a fundamentally different concept than the one that most of people - have about word processing. -\end_inset - - -\layout Standard - -Here's a list of things you won't find in LyX: -\layout Itemize - -The document ruler -\layout Itemize - -Tab stops -\layout Itemize - -Extra whitespace (i. -\begin_inset ERT -status Collapsed - -\layout Standard - -\backslash -, -\end_inset - -e. -\begin_inset ERT -status Collapsed - -\layout Standard - -\backslash - -\end_inset - -hitting -\emph on -Enter -\emph default - or -\emph on -Space -\emph default - two or more times) -\layout Standard - -Tab stops, along with a ruler showing you the position of things on the - page, are useless in LyX. - The program worries about where things go on the page, not you. - Extra white\SpecialChar \- -space is similar; LyX adds them where necessary, depending on - context. - Not being able to type two blank lines in a row will be annoying at first, - but it makes more sense once you're thinking in -\color blue -WYSIWYM -\color default - terms. -\layout Standard - -Here are some things that exist in LyX, but aren't used as you might think: -\layout Itemize - -Indenting controls -\layout Itemize - -Page breaks -\layout Itemize - -Line spacing (i. -\begin_inset ERT -status Collapsed - -\layout Standard - -\backslash -, -\end_inset - -e. -\begin_inset ERT -status Collapsed - -\layout Standard - -\backslash - -\end_inset - -single spaced, double spaced, etc.) -\layout Itemize - -Whitespace, horizontal and vertical -\layout Itemize - -Fonts and font sizes -\layout Itemize - -Typefaces (bold, italic, underline, etc.) -\layout Standard - -Although they exist in LyX, you generally don't need them. - LyX will take care of these things for you, depending on what you're doing. - Different parts of the document are automatically set in a different typeface - and font size. - Paragraph indenting is context dependent; different types of paragraphs - get indented differently. - Page breaks get handled automatically, as well. - In general, the space between lines, between words, and between paragraphs - is variable, set by LyX. -\begin_inset Foot -collapsed true - -\layout Standard - -There are ways to adjust all of these (only some of which require knowledge - of LaTeX), either for a whole document or for a specific location in a - document. - See the -\emph on -User's Guide -\emph default - and/or the -\emph on -Extended Features -\emph default - manual for details. -\end_inset - - -\layout Standard - -Lastly, there are a few areas where we believe LyX (and LaTeX) surpasses - many word processors: -\layout Itemize - -Hyphenation -\layout Itemize - -Lists of any type -\layout Itemize - -Mathematics -\layout Itemize - -Tables -\layout Itemize - -Cross-referencing -\layout Standard - -Granted, many modern word processors can handle mathematical symbols, tables, - and hyphenation, and many have moved towards style definitions and the - -\color blue -WYSIWYM -\color default - concept. - However, they've only recently been able to do so, whereas LyX is built - upon the LaTeX document preparation system. - LaTeX has been around for over 15 years, and -\emph on -works -\emph default -. -\the_end